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Juyong
Pass Overview
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The following is taken from a Chinese brochure description:
The Greatest Impregnable Pass Of The World-
JUYONG PASS
Juyong Pass is a famous ancient citadel along the Great Wall north of Beijing. It is a historical relic under state protection.
The Pass is situated in a gully of the Jundu Mountain of the extension of the Taihang Mountain Range. The terrain is of strategic importance. As early as in the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 B.C.) and the Warring States period (475-221 B.C.), the State of Yan controlled this pass, known at the time as "Juyong Sai". In the Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.), Juyong Pass began to assume a certain seal. Up to the Southern and Northern dynasties (420-589 A.D.), the structures of the pass were linked up with the Great Wall. It remained a pass town all through the Tang (689-907 A.D.), Liao (947-1115 A.D.), Jin (1116-1234 A.D.) and Yuan (1271-1368 A.D.) dynasties.
The existing pass town was planned and built in 1368 by General Xu Da and Deputy General Chang Yuchun. From 1450 to 1454 and later on it was repeatedly improved. The wall of the town reaches the ridge of the Cuiping Mountain in the east and the Jingui Mountain in the west, with a circumference of more than 4,000 meters. The town is replete with military installations, including the Moon Tower in the south and the north, city tower and Watch Tower. Inside the town are official residences, temples and Confucian school and other related structures.
In 1982, Juyong Pass was made part of the Badaling-Ming Tombs scenic area for priority protection due to its important human and natural sights.